SYLLABUS
(2007-2008)
MASTER
OF PHARMACY
(Pharmaceutical
Chemistry)
Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya
(University of
Technology of Madhya Pradesh)
Airport
Bypass Road, Gandhinagar,
Bhopal.
First Year 1st Semester
1. MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 1
2. BIOTECHNOLOGY &
BIOINFORMATICS 3
3. DRA, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
AND
QUALITY ASSURANCE
5
4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND
FORMULATION
6
First Year 2nd Semester
5. ADVANCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 8
6. ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
9
7. ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
11
8. DRUG DESIGN
12
3
First Year 1st Semester
MODERN ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES (MPY 101)
Theory
1. Theory, Instrumentation, Methods
and Applications of VU
Spectrophotometer.
2. Theory and Instrumentation of IR
and FT-IR, its advantage and
applications in Structural
elucidation.
3. NMR, C13 NMR, Origin of
spectra, Chemical shifts, Spin-spin coupling,
Coupling constant, Instrumentation and
application for Structural
elucidation.
4. Mass spectra, Instrumentation,
Fragmentation pattern and applications
for Structural elucidation.
Application of GC-Mass, HPLC-Mass for
complex mixtures.
5. Theory, Instrumentation and
application for the following:
i) Fluorescence
ii) X – Ray crystallography
iii) Atomic spectroscopy
iv) Ultra centrifugation
v) ESR
vi) Liquid Scintillation spectrometry
vii) Auto radio grapy
6. Separation Techniques; Fundamental
principles, Basic
instrumentation, Qualitative and
Quantitative Pharmaceutical
applications of Gas-liquid Chromatography,
HPLC, HPTLC, Gel
Chromatography, Electrophoresis and
Ion-pair Chromatography.
7. General Principle, instrumentation
and application of optical rotatory
dispersion (ORD) and Circular
dichroism (CD).
8. Immunoassay Techniques: Enzyme and
Radioimmunoassay
techniques. Theory, Methods and
applications.
9. Thermal methods: Thermo Gravimetry
(TG), Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC), Differential
Thermal Analysis (DTA).
10. Principles and application of
light, Phase contrast, Scanning and
Transmission electron microscopy,
Cytometry and Flow cytometry.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Florey, Analytical Profiles of
Drugs, Vol.1-16.
2. Sinder, Text Book
of HPLC.
3. McLafferty, Mass
Spectrometry.
4. Rao,C.N., Ultraviolet Visible
Spectroscopy for Chemical Application.
5. Silverstein,
Basseler, Morril, Spectophotometrc Identification of Organic
Compounds.
6. Rao,C.N., Chemical Application
of Infrared Spectroscopy.
7. Weissberger, Physical
Methods in Organic Chemistry.
8. Kiencz, B. and
Dierasi, C., Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic
Compounds.
9. Jackmann, Application of NMR
Spectra to Organic Compounds.
10. Willard, Merrit and
Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis.
11. Elliel, E.L., Stereochemistry
of Carbon Compounds.
12. Naahod, P., Physical Methods of
Structure Determination.
13. Stahl, Thin Layer
Chromatography.
14. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of
Chemical Analysis.
15. Block and Durrum, Paper
Chromatography and Electrophoresis.
16. Remington’s Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
17. Sirmer, Spectroscopic
Analysis.
5
BIOTECHNOLOGY &
BIOINFORMATICS (MPY 102)
1. Genetics: Structure &
Function of DNA, DNA Replication & Repair,
Expression of Genetic Information:
Structure & Function of RNA,
Transcription, Genetic code,
Translation, Post translational modification.
2. Recombinant DNA Technology: Constructing
Recombinant DNA
molecules Restriction enzymes,
Vectors, Gene Cloning, Genomic libraries,
Polymerase Chain reaction – based DNA
cloning, Restriction mapping,
Blotting techniques, DNA sequencing,
Pharmaceutical applications of
recombinant DNA.
3. Gene Therapy: General Introduction,
Potential target diseases for Gene
therapy, Gene transfer methods,
Clinical studies, Pharmaceutical
production & Regulation.
4. Basics of
Immunology, Monoclonal antibodies & Hybridoma
technology & its
Applications.
Vaccines – Conventional vaccines, Modern Vaccine
technologies,
Genetically improved live vaccines,
Genetically improved subunit
vaccines, Pharmaceutical
considerations.
5. Fundamentals of
Cell biology:
Cell organization and plasma membrane: Transport of
substances across the membrane.
Cellular reproduction: The Cell cycle,
Mitosis & Meiosis,
Apoptosis.
Cell Signaling: Communication between
cells and their
environment
6. Molecular biology of
cancer: Causes
of Cancer & Genetics of Cancer,
New strategies for combating cancer.
7. Molecular, Structural and
Chemical Biology in pharmaceutical
research: Molecular biology of
disease and invivo transgenic models,
Genomic protein targets and recombinant
therapeutics, Structural biology
and rational drug design, Chemical
biology and Molecular diversity, Gene
therapy & DNA/ RNA targeted
therapeutics. Future of pharmaceutical
research.
8. Introduction to Bioinformatics: Biological
databases, Sequence
analysis, Protein structure, Genetic
and physical mapping, Application of
bioinformatics in pharmaceutical
industries.
9. Biostatistics – Graphical
representation of Data, Descriptive statistics,
Normal distribution, Probability
distribution, Sampling & Sampling plans.
Recommended Readings
1. Lehninger ., Principles of
Biochemistry
2. Karp, G.,Cell & Molecular
Biology.
3. Crommelin, D.J., A., and Sindelar
R.D., Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology.
4. Templeton N.S., and Lasic. D.D., Gene
Therapy.
5. Benjamin Lewin, Genes.
6. Watson and Trooze, Recombinant
DNA Techniques
7. Lesk., Introduction to
Bioinformatiics.
8. Watson, Molecular
Biology of cell.
9. Old and Primrose, Principles
of Gene Manipulations.
10. Watson, J.D., Gilman, M., Recombinant
DNA Technology
11. Baxevanis, A.D.,
Frana, Duelette, B.F.,Bioinformatics
12. Alberts, B., Johnson,
A., Lewin, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.,
molecular biology of
the cell
13. Paul, W.E, Fundamentals
of Immunology
14. Klug, W.S., Cummings,
M.R., Essentials of Genetics
15. Glick, B.R.,
Pasternak, J.J., Molecular Biotechnology
16. Walker, J.M., Ripley,
R., Molecular biology and Biotechnology
17. Bolton, S.,
Pharmaceutical Statistics.
7
DRA,
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND QUALITY
ASSURANCE
(MPY -103)
Theory
1. Requirements of GMP, CGMP, GLP,
USFDA, WHO guidelines and
ISO 9000 Series.
2. Drugs and Cosmetics Acts and Rules,
Drug Regulatory Affairs.
3. Documentation – Protocols, Forms
and Maintenance of records in
Pharmaceutical industry.
4. Clinical Trials and toxicological
evaluation of drugs. Preparation of
documents for New Drug Approval and
Export Registration.
5. Processing and its application,
Intellectual Property Rights (Patent,
Copy right and Trade marks).
6. Sewage disposal and Pollution
control.
7. Concepts in Validation, Validation
of manufacturing, Analytical and
Process validation and its
Application.
8. Basic concept of Quality Control
and Quality Assurance systems,
Source and Control of Quality
variation of Raw materials, Containers,
Closures, Personnel, Environmental,
etc.
9. In process quality control tests,
IPQC problems in Pharmaceutical
industries. ICH Guidelines
10. Sampling plans, Sampling and
Characteristic curves.
11. Master formula generation and
Maintenance, Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) for different dosage
forms.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Willing, Tuckerman
and Hitching, Good Manufacturing Practices for
Pharmaceuticals.
2. Drugs and Cosmetic
Acts and Rules.
3. Bharathi, Drugs and Pharmacy Laws
in India.
4. Patel, Industrial
Microbiology.
5. Loftus, B.T. and Nash,R.A., Pharmaceutical
Process Validation.
6. Bolton, S., Pharmaceutical
Statistics.
7. Banker, G.S. and Rhodes, C.T., Modern
Pharmaceutics.
8. OPPI, Quality
Assurance.
9. Carletiori, Validation of
Aseptic Pharmaceutical Process.
10. Garfield, Quality Assurance
Principles for Analytical Laboratories.
11. Indian
Pharmacopoeia.
12. British
Pharmacopoeia.
13. United State
Pharmacopoeia.
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATION
(MPY-104)
Theory
1. Preformulation
studies: Study
of physical, chemical and
pharmaceutical factors influencing
formulation of drugs.
2. Formulation
additives: Study
of formulation additives, Drug –
Excipient, Excipient - Excipient
interactions and Incompatibilities.
3. Solubilization: Theory of
solubilization, methods of solubility
enhancement and factor influencing
solubility. Solids dispersion.
4. Dissolution
Technology: Design
of dissolution apparatus, dissolution
media, dissolution testing of
different types of dosage formulations,
data interpretation, in-vitro and
in-vivo correlation.
5. Tablets: Recent advances in
tablet technology and automation in
manufacturing process, formulation and
evaluation of dispersible,
effervescent, floating and multilayers
tablets.
6. Formulation
consideration and evaluation: Parenterals and
Ophthalmics.
7. Polymers: Classification,
General method of synthesis, Properties,
Characterization, Evaluation and
Application in pharmacy. A detail
account of biodegradable polymers.
8. Nutraceuticals: Introduction,
formulations, uses, recent developments
and law governing nutraceuticals.
9. Pharmaceutical
packaging: Packaging
materials, type and tests of
containers and closures, Pilot plant
scale up technique.
10. Drug stability: Stability study
programmes for formulations.
Determination of Expiry date (shelf
life) and Overage calculations.
Stability indicating assays and ICH
guidelines for stability.
11.
OptimizationTechniques: Computers in pharmacy, Optimization
techniques, Computer aided drug
formulations.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Swarbrick, J. and Boyran, J. C., Encyclopedia
of Pharmaceutical
Technology” Vol.1-3, Marcel
Dekkar, Inc., New York.
2. Gennaro, A.R., Remington’s “The
Science and practice of
Pharmacy”, Lippincot, Wiliams
& Wilkins, Philadelphia.
3. Aulton, M.E., “Pharmaceutics-
The science of doses form design”,
Churchill Livingstone, London.
4. Carstersen, J.T., “Drug
stability: Principal & practice”, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., NY
5. Banker and Rhodes, Modern
Pharmaceutics. Marcel Dekker Inc. NY.
6. Liium, L. and Davis, S.S.,
“Polymers in controlled drug delivery”,
Wright Bristol.
7. Kibbe, “ Hand book of
Pharmaceutical Excipients., Pharmaceutical
Press, London.
8. Lachmen, L. &
Lieberman, H.A., “ Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy”, Verghese publishing
house, Bombay.
9. Martin, Physical
Pharmacy.
10. Lieberman, H.A. &
Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –
Dispersed Systems’’ Vol.1-3 ,Marcel
Dekker, Inc., NY.
11. Avise, K. E. &
Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –
“Parenteral
Medications’’ Vol.1-3
,Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY.
12. Lieberman, H.A. &
Lachmen, L., “ Pharmaceutical Dosage forms –
Tablets’’ Vol.1-3 ,Marcel
Dekker, Inc., NY.
13. Yalkowsky,S.H.” Techniques
of Solubilization of drugs”, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., NY.
First
Year 2nd Semester
ADVANCED
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (MPY-201 Pch)
Theory
1. Theoretical basis of newer drug
delivery systems; Prodrug, Dendrimer
and Polymers as carrier.
2. Receptors – theories, Drug –
Receptor interactions drug target binding
forces Ion Channels: Structure
function and Pharmacology.
3. Enzyme inhibition: Rational design
based on inhibition kinetics, types,
Affinity-labeling agents.
4. Classification, biomacromolecular
study, mode of action, SAR, side
effects, biological evaluation &
recent advances in research of the
following category of drugs.
a) Antineoplastics
b) Immunosupressants
c) Antiviral and Anti HIV
d) Antiprotozoal
e) NSAIDS
f) Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
g) Antihypertensive
h) Antiparkinsonism
i) Antialzheimer Drugs
5. Combinatorial Chemistry:
Introduction, Method of Synthesis and
application.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Patrick. G.L, An
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry.
2. Burger,A., Medicinal
Chemistry.
3. Wilson and Gisvold, Organic
Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
4. Ariens, Drug Design,
Academic Press, New York, 1975.
5. Schueler, Chemobiodynamic and
drug design.
6. Namstern, Drug
Interaction.
7. Swidler, Hand Book of Drug
Interaction.
8. Purcel,Basis and
Clayton, A Guide to Biological Activity.
9. Foye, Principles
of Medicinal Chemistry.
11
ADVANCED
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (MPY-202 Pch)
Theory
1. Stereo Chemistry:
a) Optical activity and Chirality,
Racemic modification, Nature,
Formation, Properties and Resolution
criteria of optical purity.
b) Asymmetric carbon atom: Newer
methods of asymmetric
synthesis (including enzymatic and
catalytic synthesis), Enentio
selective and Stereo selective
synthesis.
c) Stereochemistry of ring system.
Stereoisomerism, Stability and
ease of ring formation.
d) Effects of conformation on
reactivity in acyclic and
cyclohexanes.
2. Formation and stability of
Carboanion, Carbocation, Free radical,
Carbenes and Nitrenes.
3. Mechanism of Oxidation, Reduction
and Hydrolysis.
4. Uses of the following reagents and
catalysts in organic synthesis.
i) Ruthenium tetroxide, Nickel
peroxide, Caro’s reagent,
Lemieuxvon-Rudloft reagent, Jones
reagent, Corey’s reagent
and Collins reagent.
ii) Borane in THF, AlCl3 in THF, NaAlEt2H2, Pd, LiAlH4,
iii) Ziegler – Natta catalyst,
Wilkinson catalyst, Glimann reagent,
Dicyclohexyl Carbodimide and phase
transfer catalyst.
5. Reaction Mechanism and method of
determining them, Aliphatic
nucleophilic (SN1, SN2, SN’1, SN’2)
and Aromatic nucleophilic
substitution (SNAr and benzyne
mechanism) reactions.
6. Neighboring group participation and
non-classical carbonium ions.
Selection rules and stereochemistry of
Electrocyclic reactions, Cyclo
addition and Sigmatropic shifts.
7. E1 and E2 mechanism, Hoffmann and
Saytzeff like elimination
reactions.
8. Effects of structure on reactivity.
9. Rearrangement reactions: Fries,
Stobbe, Hauser, Cope, Pummierer,
Pinacol-Pinacolone, Arandt-Eistert,
Benzil-Benzylic acid, Hoffmann,
Curtius, Lossen, Schimidt, Beckmann,
Bayer–Villiger and Claisen.
10. Dakin reaction, Reformatskey,
Chichibabin reaction, Birch reduction,
Wittig reaction, Oppensuer oxidation,
Ozonolysis and Jourdan Ullmann
reaction, Stork enamine reaction, Ene
reaction, Barton reaction,
Shapiro reaction.
11. Hydrogenation of Double, Triple
and Aromatic rings.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Mukerjee,S.S. and Singh,S.P.,
Reaction and Mechanism in Organic
Chemistry.
2. Peter Sykes, A
Guide Book of Reaction Mechanism in Organic
Chemistry.
3. Jerry March, Advanced
Organic Chemistry.
4. Elial, E.L., Stereochemistry of
Carbon Compounds.
5. Finar, Organic Chemistry,
Vol. 1 & 2.
6. Solomons, G.T.W., Organic
chemistry.
7. Morrison and Boyd, Organic
Chemistry.
13
Advanced
Pharmaceutical Chemistry (MPY-203 Pch)
1)
Techniques involved in Extraction isolation & Standardization with Specific
reference
to herbal products
* Supercritical
fluid extraction
* Solid phase
micro extraction
* H P TL C
* Electro
chromatography
* Mass
spectrometry
2) Basic
Metabolic pathways for production of secondary metabolites-
*Acetate pathway
* Shikimate
pathway
*Mevalonate
pathway
3) Biosynthesis-
* Tropane
alkaloids
* Adrenocorticoids
*Sex harmones
* Peptides and
their derivatives viz. Thyroid hormones, Oxytocin,
Insulin, Penicillin,
cephalosporin and clavulanic acid.
4) Isolation and
Phytochemical studies of some important constituents in -
* Digitalis
glycosides
* Senna glycosides
* Cinchona
alkaloids
* Rawolfia
alkaloids
* Ergot alkaloids
* Taxal
5) Principles
and application of Tracer techniques in biology.
6) Constitution
and applications of Thyroid hormones, Oxytocin and Insulin.
7) Isolation
from microorganisms and Chemistry of Antibiotic special
references to
Macrolide, Beta lactum and amino glycoside antibiotics.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Trease and Evans, Textbook of
Pharmacognosy.
2. Elial, E.L., Stereochemistry
of Carbon Compounds.
3. Fieser,I.E. and
Fieser,M., Steroids.
4. Burger,A., Medicinal
Chemistry.
5. Wilson and Gisvold, Organic
Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
6. Malentyeva,G. and
Antonova,L., Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
7. Finar, Organic
Chemistry, Vol. 2.
8. Schueler, Chemobiodynamic
and drug design.
9. Namstern, Drug
Interaction.
10. Dewick, P.M.,
Medicinal natural Products.
11. Purcel,Basis and
Clayton, A Guide to Biological Activity.
12. Foye, Principles
of Medicinal Chemistry.
DRUG
DESIGN (MPY-204 Pch)
1. Introduction to
Drug Design & Discovery – Historical perspective,
Generation of leads & lead
optimization, Cell Biology & Genomics as
a source of Drugs, future developments
in the drug design.
2. Molecular
Recognition in Drug Design – Introduction,
Thermodynamic considerations of Drug
design, Physical basis of
intermolecular interactions, total
energy intermolecular interaction,
estimating individual group components
in ligand receptor interactions
and co-operativity and thumb rules.
3. Stereochemistry and drug design
– Stereospecificity in molecular
recognition, Significance of
stereochemistry in drug design, Methods of
obtaining pure stereoisomers,
Analytical methods of determining purity
of stereoisomers.
4. Bioisosterism in drug design.
5. Three dimensional aided drug
design – structure aided drug design
process, methods to derive 3D
structures., Design process, software
aided drug design, optimization of
identified compounds, example of
structure aided drug design.
6. Computer Aided Drug Design –
Pharmacophoric approach:
Pharmacophore based ligand design,
pharmacophore concept,
Pharmacophore elements and
representation, active conformation,
molecular superimposition, receptor
excluded and receptor essential
volumes, solvation effects, examples
of 3D pharmacophore models
and their use.
7. Quantitative Structural Activity
Relationships (QSAR):
Fundamentals of QSAR, Biological data,
the additivity of group
contribution Hansch analysis and
related approaches,
physicochemical properties,
Statistical methods in QSAR, application
of Hansch and related approaches, 3D
QSAR approach.
8. Molecular modeling – Generation
of 3D coordinates, Sketch
approach, conversion of 2D structure
in 3D form, force field, geometry
optimization, energy minimizing
procedures, Quantum mechanical
methods, conformational analysis,
pharmacophore identification,
molecular modeling in 3D QSAR – CoMFA
and related methods.
9. Nucleic Acid Based Drug Design:
Structure, Protein-nucleic acid
interaction, Drug-nucleic acid
interaction.
Books and References
Recommended:
1. Burger,A., Medicinal
Chemistry.
2. Wilson and Gisvold, Organic
Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
3. Ariens, Drug Design,
Academic Press, New York, 1975.
4. Schueler, Chemobiodynamic and
drug design.
5. Foye, Principles of Medicinal
Chemistry.
6. Solkovisky, Sinkula and Valvani, Physicochemical
Properties of
Drugs, Marcel Deeker,
Newyork, 1980.
7. Martin, Y., Quantitative
Structural Activity Relationships, 1978.
8. Hansch, Principles of Medicinal
Chemistry.
9. Kubiny’s, Quantitative Structure
Activity Relationships.
10. Holtje, Sippl, Rognan
and Folkers, Molecular Modeling.
11. P.K. Larsen, Tommy
and U. Madsen, Textbook of Drug Design and
Discovery.
12. T.J. Perun and C.L. Propst, Computer Aided Drug
Design.
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