Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)
B.Pharma-
I Semester
REMEDIAL
MATHEMATICS – PY 101(A)
UNIT I
Algebra: Equation reducible to
quadratics, Simultaneous equations (linear and quadratic),
Determinations. Properties of
solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s rule,
Matrices, definition of special
kinds of matrices, arithmetic operations on matrices,
inverse of a matrix. Solution of
simultaneous equations by matrices, pharmaceutical
applications of determinants and
matrices, Evaluation on Enl, En2 and En3.
UNIT II
Menstruation and its
pharmaceutical applications. Measures of Central Value objectives
and pre-requisites of an ideal
measure, Mean, Mode and median.
UNIT III
Trigonometry: Measurement of
angle, T-ratios, addition, subtraction and transformation
formulae, T-ratios of multiple,
sub multiple, allied and certain angles. Application of
logarithms in pharmaceutical
computations.
UNIT IV
Analytical plane Geometry:
Certain Co-ordinates, Distance between two points, area of
triangle, a locus of points,
straight line, slope and intercept form, double-intercept form,
normal (perpendicular form),
slope-point and two point form, general equation of first
degree.
UNIT V
Calculus:
Differential: Limits and
functions, definition of differential coefficient, Differentiation
of standard functions including
function of a function (Chain rule). Differentiation of
implicit functions, logarithmic
differentiation, parametric differentiation, successive
differentiation.
Integral: Integration as
inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard forms,
integration by parts,
substitution and partial fractions, formal evaluation of definite
integrals.
Books &
References Recommended:
1. Loney S.L., Plane
Trigonomotetry.
2. Ray M., Algebra.
3. Basu K.P., Intermediate
Algebra.
4. Paria G., Differential
Calculus, Scholar’s Publications, Indore.
5. Paria G., Integral Calculus,
Scholar’s Publications, Indore.
6. Paria G., Co-ordinate Geometry,
Scholar’s Publications, Indore.
Remedial Biology
–
PY 101(B)
1. Plant Anatomy and Physiology :
i. Morphology and Anatomy of
flowering plant and its parts
like root, stem, bark, wood,
leaf, flower, fruit and seed.
Modification of root and stem.
ii. Transportation,
photosynthesis and respiration in plants,
Plant growth and development.
iii. Structure of plant cell,
Different types of plant tissues and
their functions.
2. Structure and functions :
i. Cell- the unit of life.
ii. Biomolecules – Lipids, polysaccharides,
Proteins, and
nucleic acids. Enzymes and
cofactors , their classification ,
chemistry, mechanism of action
and factors affecting enzyme
activity.
iii. Cell cycle and cell
division, stages of mitosis and meiosis,
and their significance.
3. Living systems
i. Biological classification –
Five kigdoms Monera, Prostita,
Fungi, plantae and animalia.
Viruses, viroids and lichens.
ii. Animal kingdom -
Classification and its basis
iii. Plant kingdom – Algae,
bryophytes, Pteridophytes,
Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. Plant
life cycles and alteration
of generations.
4. Genetics and Evolution :
i. Principles of inheritance and
variation – Mendals laws,
inheritance of one gene and two
gene, sex determination,
mutation and genetic disorders.
ii. Molecular basis of
inheritance – DNA, RNA, Replication,
Transcription, Genetic code,
Translation, regulation of gene
expression, DNA fingerprinting,
Human Genome Project.
iii. Evolution – Origin of life,
theory of evolution of life forms,
Evidences for evolution, Adaptive
radiation, Biological
evolution, Hardy- Weinberg
principle.
List of
Experiments
1. To study the simple and
compound microscope.
2. To study the microscopic
section of the Monocot and Dicot plant.
3. To identify the part of the
plant by given section (root).
4. To identify the part of the
plant by given section (stem).
5. To identify the part of the
plant by given section (bark).
6. To identify the part of the
plant by given section (leaf).
7. To identify the part of the
plant by given section (seed).
8. To identify and differentiate
the parts of the given plant sample morphologically.
COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS - PY102
Interlocution to
Computer-
Its Types and uses, Computer Generations, Hardware,
software, Elements of computer system,
Number Systems:- Decimal, Binary, Octal,
hexadecimal, Storage Devices-
primary memory, Secondary Memory, Input and output
devices.
Operating system- Basic
Concepts, Organization, functions, operations and types,
Features of DOS, Windows and Unix
operating systems. Dos Commands.
Data
Transmission and Networks- Basic Concepts LAN, MAN, WAN. Network
Topologies, TCP/IP, Worldwide
web, URL, HTML. Transmission Media.
Programming – High Level
languages, Machine languages, Syntax, semantics.
Compiler, Interpreter Algorithms
and Flowchart.
Programming
Language ‘C’ – Data
types, Constants, variables, Operators, symbolic
constants, input and output,
increment and decrement operators. Control Structures:
while, do- while, for, if,
if-else, and switch statement. Functions, header files, recursion,
pointers and arrays, structures.
Application
software- Word
processing, formatting, printing setups, mail merge, Table
Handling, picture handling,
spreadsheet programs, workbooks/ worksheets, formatting of
sheets, formulae and functions,
graphs, Import and export of files / data. Presentation
Packages, Slide designing.
Practicals:
Introduction to various
components of computer, Use of External & Internal DOS
Commands, MS- Office – MS Word,
MS, Excel, Powerpoint. A simple documentation
preparation & printing. Usage
of printer & other components. Simple programs in C.
Book
Recommended:
1. V. Rajaraman: Fundamentals of
computer, Iind Edition, East Economy Edition.
2. E. Balaguruseamy: Programming
In C, TMH Pub
3. D.S. Yadav: Fundamentals of
Information Technology, New Age Publication.
4. P.K. Sinha: Fundamentals of
Computer
5. Computer Architecture (Schaum’s
outline) CARTER, TMH
PHARMACEUTICS –I
(Introduction to pharmaceutics) -PY 103
1. History of pharmaceutical
practice through ages. Various system of medicines.
Significance of pharmacopoeias
with special reference to Indian, British, United
States, International and Extra
pharmacopoeias.
2. Routes of administration and
classification of pharmaceutical dosage form.
3. Definition, general
formulation, principles and procedures adopted for dispensing
and official products of the
following-
Aromatic waters, Solutions,
Syrups ,Mixtures, Spirits, Elixers, Linctuses, lotions,
liniments, Mixtures, Glycerites,
Gargles, Mouth washes, Inhalations powders,
Capsules, Tablet
triturates, Ointments, Creams, pastes, Suppositories and
ophthalmics, Emulsions,
Suspension, Milk and Magmas, Mucilages, Jellies,
Infusion, Decoctions, Tinctures
and Extracts.
4. Pharmaceutical Calculation:
Different systems of weights and measures, Dilution
and conc. of solutions,
Percentage solution, Calculation by allegation, Proof
Spirits, Calculation of doses,
Displacement value.
5. Detailed methods employed in
the preparation of plant extractives.
LIST OF
PRCTICALS
1. Study Indian Pharmacopoeia,
British Pharmacopoeia, United States
Pharmacopoeia and Extra
Pharmacopoeia.
2. Prepare and submit Camphor
Water I.P.
3. Prepare and submit Chloroform
Water I.P.
4. Prepare and submit Conc. Dill
Water I.P.
5. Prepare and submit Aqueous
Iodine Solution I.P.
6. Prepare and submit Weak Iodine
Solution I.P.
7. Prepare and submit Strong
Iodine Solution I.P.
8. Prepare and submit Cresol with
Soap Solution I.P.
9. Prepare and submit chloroxylenol
Solution I.P.
10. Prepare and submit Simple
Syrup I.P.
11. Prepare and submit Simple
syrup U.S.P.
12. Prepare and submit Chloroform
Spirit I.P.
13. Prepare and submit Simple
elixir I.P.
14. Prepare and submit Calamine
Lotion I.P.
15. Prepare and submit Calamine
Lotion USP, oily.
16. Prepare and submit Turpentine
Liniment I.P.
17. Prepare and submit Liquid
Paraffin Emulsion I.P
18. Prepare and submit Tragacanth
Mucilage I.P.
19. Prepare and submit Milk of
Magnesia I.P
20. Prepare and submit Bentonite
Magma U.S.P.
21. Prepare and submit Borax
Glycerin I.P.
22. Prepare and submit Tannic
acid Glycerin I.P.
23. Prepare and submit Mandle’s
Paint. B.P.
24. Prepare and submit Simple
Linctuses I.P.
25. Prepare and submit Menthol
and Eucalyptus Inhalation B.P.C
26. Prepare and submit orange /
lemon Tincture I.P.
27. Prepare and submit compound
benzoin Tincture I.P.
28. To prepare & submit
codeine linctuses NFI , BNF.
29. To prepare & submit zinc
sulphate & zinc chloride mouthwash IP.
30. To prepare & submit
Potassium permanganate gargle NFI 1979.
31. To prepare & submit
salicylic acid lotion BPC.
32. To prepare magnesium
trisilicate mixture BPC.
33. To prepare & submit Chalk
mixture pediatric BPC.
34. To prepare & submit
magnesium hydroxide mixture BP.
35. To prepare & submit
castor oil emulsion NFI .
36. To prepare & submit
liquid paraffin & magnesium hydroxide emulsion BPC.
37. To prepare & submit
lubricating gel.
38. To prepare & submit
Peppermint water IP.
39. To prepare & submit
sodium chloride solution IP.
40. To prepare & submit
sodium chloride mouthwash .
41. To prepare & submit oral
rehydration salt BP.
42. To prepare & submit soap
liniment.
43. To prepare & submit
sodium alginate jelly.
44. To prepare & submit lubricating
jelly with cellulose ether base.
45. To prepare & submit
compound syrup of ferrous phosphate IP 55 (Parrishs Food)
by chemical interaction.
Books
Recommended
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
2. British Pharmacopoeia.
3. United State Pharmacopoeia.
4. Lachmen, L.
& Lieberman, H.A., “Theory and Practice of Industrial
Pharmacy”, Verghese
publishing house, Bombay.
5. Gennaro, A.R., Remington’s “The
Science and practice of Pharmacy”,
Lippincot, Wiliams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia.
6. Aulton, M.E., “Pharmaceutics-
The science of doses form design”, Churchill
Livingstone, London.
7. Banker and
Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics. Marcel Dekker Inc. NY.
8. Kibbe, “ Hand book of
Pharmaceutical Excipients., Pharmaceutical Press,
London.
9. Martin, Physical Pharmacy.
10. N. K. Jain, Text Book of
Professional Pharmacy, CBS Publishers & Distributors.
New Delhi.
11. N.K. Jain, Pharmaceutical
product development, CBS Publishers & Distributors.
New Delhi.
12. B. M. Mithal, Text Book of
Pharmaceutical Formulation.
13. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
& Drug Delivery System.
Loyd.V.Allen,Jr.Nicholas,G.Popovich,Howad
C.Ansel
14. Textbook of Pharmaceutics,
Bentley, E.A. Rawlins
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Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I -PY 104 (Physical Chemistry)
1. Atomic,
Molecular Structure and Chemical Bonding
Atomic Structure
Origin of the elements, valency,
the mole concept, molar mass, compounds, chemical
formulae. Introduction to atomic
structure. Electronic configuration of atoms and
relationship to structure of the
Periodic Table. Properties of atoms, size, ionization
potential, electronegativities
etc. Quantum numbers, orbitals and the Aufbau process.
Rydberg formula, Bohr atom, dual
wave/particle nature of light and electrons. Angular
and radial wavefunctions of
atomic orbitals. H atom spectrum.
Molecular
structure and chemical bonding:
LCAO approximation, molecular
orbital theory and molecular orbital energy level
diagrams. Polarisation and
polarisibility of molecules. Molecular orbital electronic
configuration of homonuclear
diatomic molecules. Hydrogen bonding. Valence bond
theory- important features,
concept of hybridization involving s, p, d and f orbitals,
shapes of molecules, VSEPR
theory. Electron spin. Polyelectronic atoms and the orbital
approximation. Quantum Mechanics
Postulates of
quantum mechanics: Eigenvalues
and expectation values. Time
independent Schrodinger equation.
The Born interpretation of the wavefunction.
Solutions for particles in boxes.
Schrodinger equation applied to vibrational and
rotational motion.
Interelectronic repulsion: SCF methodology and Hartree-Fock
wavefunctions. Slater type
orbitals. Spin-orbit coupling. Atomic states and Hund's rules.
2.
Physico-chemical properties of substances
Polarity of substances, dipole
moment, dielectric constant, refractive index, optical
rotation, density, specific
gravity, viscosity, molar refraction, parachor relative
permitivity, Bonding and
non-bonding interactions, roentgen diffraction, polymorphism,
isomorphism, isotropy,
anisotropy, liquid crystals.
3.
Thermodynamics
Fundamentals of
thermodynamics: System
and surroundings, extensive and intensive
properties, state functions,
types of processes. spontaneity of chemical change; Free
Energy. Equilibrium; Enthalpy and
Entropy and spontaneous change
First law of
thermodynamics: Concept
of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy,
standard state, thermochemistry,
thermochemical laws, heat capacity, molar heat
capacity, Hess's law of constant
heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation,
combustion, formation,
atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ioniz-ation
and solution.
Second law of
thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes; ΔS of the
universe and ΔG
of
the system as criteria for spontaneity, ΔGo (Standard Gibbs energy change) and
equilibrium constant.
Third Law of
Thermodynamics: calculation
of absolute entropies; specific heat;
variation in enthalpy with
temperature.
Helmholtz and Gibbs energies,
chemical potential, conception of absolute entropy.
Calculations involving entropy
and enthalpy; dealing with ions etc. Variation of G and
K with temperature: Ellingham
Diagrams, Giauque Function.
4. Chemical
equilibrium
Law of chemical equilibrium,
Equilibrium constant, equilibrium degree of
conversion and its control by
reaction, conditions, LeChatelier principle, standard
change of Gibbs energy during
reaction, Equilibrium constants and their
significance, Factors affecting
equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature ,
effect of catalyst.
Acid-base catalysis,
decomposition of medicinal compounds, accelerated stability
analysis, kinetics of enzyme
catalysed reactions.
Integrated rate equations for
simple reaction types. Use of integrated rate equations
to determine order. Fractional
lives. Molecularity vs. order
Kinetics of more complex
reactions: approach to equilibrium, parallel and
consecutive reactions. Rate
determining step. Steady state approximation and its
uses.
Effect of temperature on rate and
rate constant. Arrhenius equation, significance of
activation energy. Kinetics of
reactions in the gas phase - simple collision theory.
Reactions in solution -
transition state theory. Enthalpy and entropy of activation.
Effects of solvent polarity and
viscosity on rates of reaction.
Further applications of the
steady state approximation - radical chain reactions.
General definitions.
Stoichiometry vs mechanism. Dependence of rate on
concentration: rate constant and
order of reaction. Experimental determination of
rates of reaction. Determination
of orders from rate measurements.
5. Phase
equilibrium
Gibbs phase rule, types of
systems, one component equilibrium, Clapeyron and
Clausius-Clapeyron equations, two
component systems, Henry´s law, sparingly
miscible liquids, solubility of
solid substances, system solid substance - solvent,
melts, Raoult´s law and its
application, cryoscopy and ebullioscopy, osmotic
pressure, three component systems,
Nernst distribution law, extraction, ternary
diagram, system of three liquids,
interfacial phenomena, adsorption on solid
surfaces. Phase diagram of
mixture fractional distillation, eutectic mixtures.
6. Surface
Chemistry
Adsorption : Physisorption and
chemisorption and their characteristics, factors
affecting adsorption of gases on
solids - -Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption
isotherms, adsorption from
solutions.
Catalysis : Homogeneous
and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid
catalysts, enzyme catalysis and
its mechanism. acid base catalysis, theories of
catalysis, catalytic poisoning
and Pharmaceutical application of catalysis.
7. States of
Matter
Gaseous State: Measurable
properties of gases; Gas laws - Boyle's law, Charle's
law, Graham's law of diffusion,
Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure;
Concept of Absolute scale of
temperature; Ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of
gases; Concept of average, root
mean square and most probable velocities; Real
gases, deviation from Ideal
behaviour, compressibility factor, van der Waals
equation, liquefaction of gases,
critical constants.
Liquid State: Solutions,
Lowering of vapour pressure and Raoult's Law, osmosis
and osmotic pressure, measurement
of osmotic pressure, isotonic solutions,
pharmaceutical applications of
osmosis, theories of semipermeable membranes,
colligative properties, elevation
of boiling point and its experimental
determination, depression of freezing
point and its determination, distribution law
and solvent extraction method,
electrolyte and non electrolytes, Debye-Huckel
theory, ionic equilibria in
blood, characterization of acid base functional groups.
Solid State: Classification
of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic
solids, amorphous and crystalline
solids (elementary idea); Bragg's Law and its
applications, Unit cell and
lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices),
voids, calculations involving
unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids;
electrical, magnetic and
dielectric properties.
List of
Practicals
1. Determination of specific
gravity of liquids using pycnometer and density
bottle.
2. To study the effect of
salt/Sugar in different concentration on density of
water.
3. To study the effect of
temperature on density of given liquid .
4. Determination of the viscosity
of a liquid by Ostwald viscometer.
5. To study the effect of
concentration on viscosity.
6. To study the effect of
temperature on viscosity
7. Determination of the percent
composition of a mixture of ethanol and
water by viscometric method.
8. Determination of the surface
tension of a pure liquid by the capillary rise
method.
9. To determine the surface
tension of liquid using stalagmometer.
10. To study the effect of
temperature on surface tension.
11. To study the effect of
surfactant on surface tension.
12. Determination of the
percentage composition of mixture of ethanol and
water by surface tension method.
13. Determination of interfacial
tension between benzene and water by the
drop size method.
14. Determination of the parachor
value of an organic liquid.
15. Determination of solubility
of benzoic acid over a range of temperatures
and calculation of its heat of
solution.
16. Determination of the mutual
solubility curve of phenol and water.
17. Preparation of buffer
solutions and measurement of pH.
18. Distillation of a mixture.
19. Determination of phase
diagram in ternary system containing a single pair
of sparingly miscible liquids.
20. Determination of distribution
coefficient of substance between two
immiscible liquids . (succinic
acid between ether and distilled water).
Recommended Reading:
1. P W Atkins, the Elements of
Physical Chemistry, 2nd Ed., OUP, 1996
2. P W Atkins, Physical Chemistry
7th Ed., OUP, 2002
3. B G Cox, Modern Liquid Phase
Kinetics, Oxford Science Publications, 1994.
4. J.R. Barrante: Physical
Chemistry of Life Sciences, Printeil.
5. K.J. Laidler: Physical
Chemistry with Biological Applications, Benjamin.
6. S.C. Wallwork: Physical
Chemistry for Students of Pharmacy and
Biology, Longman.
7. L. M. Atherden: Bentley and
Driver’s-Textbook of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Oxford University
Press, Delhi.
8. A.J. Mce: Physical Chemistry,
E.L. B.S., London.
9. H.H.Willard, L.L. Merritt and
J.A. Dean: Instrumental Methods of
Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York.
10. Samuel Glasstone and David
Lewis: Elements of Physical Chemistry,
Macmiilan Press, London.
11. A.H. Beckett and J.B.
Staenlake: Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol.
I and II. The Athlone Press of
the University of London.
12. Gross J.M. and Wiseall B.
Principle of Physical Chemistry, Macdonald
and Evans Plymouth, England.
13. Gareth Morris J. A Biologists
Physical Chemistry, Edward Arnold, London.
14. Martin A.N. Physical
Pharmacy, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
15. Chang R. Physical Chemistry
with Application to Biological System.
Collier Macmilliar Publisher,
London.
16. Barrow G.M. Physical
Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, London.
17. Yadav J.B. Advanced Practical
Physical Chemistry, Geol Publisher
House, Meenet, India.
18. Vogel’s Text Book of
Quantitative Inorganic Analysis including
Elementary Instrumental Analysis,
Longman, London.
Pharmaceutical
Chemistry II PY 105 (Inorganic Chemistry)
1. Elements and
periodicity
Modem periodic law and present
form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements,
periodic trends in properties of
elements- atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, valence,
oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
2. Sources of
impurities in pharmaceutical substances
Importance of limit test and
general principles and procedure for limit tests of chloride,
sulphate, iron, arsenic, lead and
heavy metals.
3. Essential and
Trace Elements
Study the role of
essential and trace elements in biological systems and their toxicity.
Major Intra and
extra cellular electrolytes: Major physiological ions, electrolytes
used
in replacement therapy,
physiological acids-base balance, electrolytes used in acid-base
therapy, electrolyte combination
therapy.
4. Inorganic
Agents
Occurrence, preparation, physical
characteristics, chemical properties, purity test,
incompatibilities, assay and
pharmaceutical uses of inorganic official compounds of the
following elements;
Aluminum, Sodium, Magnesium,
Lithium, Calcium, Iron, Copper, Silver, Antimony,
Iodine, Boran, Potassium, Zinc,
Nitrogen
Reagents: Preparation,
properties and uses of the following reagents; Nesslers reagent,
boron trifluoride, Grignard
reagent, Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate,
Hydrogen peroxide, Iodine
solution.
6.
Radiopharmaceuticals
Basic properties, production,
quality control, stability, clinical and medicinal applications
of radioisotopes used in pharmacy
and medicine preparations of diagnostic and
therapeutic agents.
List of
Practicals
1. Limit test for Lead.
2. Limit test for Arsenic.
3. Limit test for Chloride.
4. Limit test for Sulfate.
5. Limit test for Heavy metals.
6. Standardization of sulphuric
acid.
7. Standardization of
hydrochloric acid.
8. Standardization of sodium
hydroxide.
9. Standardization of potassium
permanganate.
10. Standardization of sodium
thiosulphate.
11. Determination of strength of
solution of ammonia.
12. Quantitative determination of
boric acid.
13. Assay of sodium bicarbonate.
14. Assay of sodium carbonate.
15. Assay of ferrous sulphate.
16. Assay of iodine solutions.
17. Preparation of Alum
(potassium and ammonium).
18. Preparation of Ferrous
sulfate.
19. Preparation of dibasic
calcium phosphate.
20. Preparation of ferric
ammonium citrate.
21. Preparation of light and
heavy magnesium oxide and
22. Preparation of magnesium
carbonate.
23. Preparation of calcium
carbonate.
24. Preparation of magnesium
trisilicate.
25. Preparation of zinc sulphate.
26. Purification of Copper
sulfate.
Books
Recommended
1. L.M. Atherdon, Bently and
Drivers: Textbook of pharmaceutical chemistry,
Oxford, University press.
2. Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt.
of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi.
3. J.H. Block, E. Roche, T.O.
Soine and C. O. Wilson: Inorganic Medicinal and
Pharmaceutical chemistry, Lee
Febiger, Philadelphia. PA.
4. Roger’s Inorganic Pharmaceutical
Chemistry of Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, USA.
5. M. Ali: Text book of
Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry, CBS, New Delhi.
6. Mellor’s Modern Inorganic
Chemistry, Longman Green and Co., Ltd.,
London.
7. Atkins P.W. Physical
Chemistry, Oxford 1990 2.
8. Barrow G.M. Physical
Chemistry, McGraw-Hill 1989
9. Beckett & Stenlake,
Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry
10. Liptrot G.F. Modern Inorganic
Chemistry, Blantyre Printing
11. British Pharmacopoeia,
Stationary Press, Royal Society of Pharmaceutical
Press, London.
12. United State Pharmacopoeia,
United State Pharmacopoeial Convention, Inc.,
12601. Twinbrook Parkway,
Rockyville M.D. 20852 USA.
13. Lovis F. Fiesev D.C.
Experiments in Inorganic Chemistry, Health and
Company, Boston.
14. Vogel Text Book of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Longman, London.
15. Remington Practical of the
Science and Pharmacy, Mack Publishing
Company, Eston, Pennsylvania,
USA.
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